Instructions to subordinate authorities
[As per the Income Tax Act, 2025 (this Act) w.e.f. 1st April, 2026.]
Section 239(1) of Income Tax Act 2025
1) The Board may issue such orders, instructions and directions to other income-tax authorities as it considers fit for the proper administration of this Act, and such authorities and all other persons employed in the execution of this Act shall observe and follow such orders, instructions and directions.
Section 239(2) of Income Tax Act 2025
(2) No orders, instructions or directions under sub-section (1) shall be issued to—
(a) require any income-tax authority to make a particular assessment or to dispose of a particular case in a particular manner; or
(b) interfere with the discretion of the Joint Commissioner (Appeals) or Commissioner (Appeals) in the exercise of his appellate functions.
Section 239(3) of Income Tax Act 2025
(3) Without prejudice to the foregoing power, the Board may,—
(a) if it considers necessary or expedient so to do for the proper and efficient management of the work of assessment and collection of revenue, issue, from time to time (whether by way of relaxation of any of the provisions of section 263, 270, 271, 279, 280, 287, 298, 398(3), 406, 407, 423, 424, 425, 427, 428, 439, 448, 449 or otherwise), general or special orders in respect of any class of incomes or class of cases,––
(i) setting forth directions or instructions (not being prejudicial to assessees) as to the guidelines, principles or procedures to be followed by other income-tax authorities in the work relating to assessment or collection of revenue or the initiation of proceedings for the imposition of penalties; and
(ii) any such order may, if the Board is of the opinion that it is necessary in the public interest so to do, be published and circulated in the prescribed manner for general information;
(b) if it considers desirable or expedient so to do for avoiding genuine hardship in any case or class of cases, by general or special order, authorise any income-tax authority, not being a Joint Commissioner (Appeals) or a Commissioner (Appeals) to admit an application or claim for any exemption, deduction, refund or any other relief under this Act after the expiry of the period specified in this Act for making such application or claim and deal with the same on merits as per law;
(c) if it considers desirable or expedient so to do for avoiding genuine hardship in any case or class of cases, by general or special order for reasons to be specified therein, relax any requirement contained in any of the provisions of Chapter IV or VIII, where the assessee has failed to comply with any requirement specified in such provision for claiming deduction thereunder, subject to the following conditions:—
(i) the default in complying with such requirement was due to circumstances beyond the control of the assessee; and
(ii) the assessee has complied with such requirement before the completion of assessment in relation to the tax year in which such deduction is claimed.
Section 239(4) of Income Tax Act 2025
(4) The Central Government shall cause every order issued under sub-section (3)(c) to be laid before each House of Parliament.