Limitation on interest deduction in certain cases
[As per the Income Tax Act, 2025 (this Act) w.e.f. 1st April, 2026.]
Section 177(1) of Income Tax Act 2025
(1) Irrespective of anything contrary in this Act, any expenditure by way of interest or similar payment in respect of excess interest, as specified in sub-section (4), shall not be deductible in computation of income chargeable under the head “Profits and gains of business or profession”, if,—
(a) it is paid or payable by an Indian company or a permanent establishment of a foreign company in India, in respect of any debt issued by an associated enterprise which is a non-resident; and
(b) the sum of such expenditure in a tax year exceeds one crore rupees.
Section 177(2) of Income Tax Act 2025
(2) Where a lender, not being an associated enterprise, has issued a debt referred to in sub-section (1), such debt shall be deemed to have been issued by an associated enterprise if an associated enterprise has—
(a) provided an implicit or explicit guarantee to the lender in respect of such debt; or
(b) deposited a corresponding and matching funds with such lender.
Section 177(3) of Income Tax Act 2025
(3) The provisions of this section shall not apply to—
(a) interest paid in respect of a debt issued by a lender which is a permanent establishment in India of a non-resident engaged in the business of banking;
(b) an Indian company or a permanent establishment of a foreign company which is engaged in the business of banking or insurance or a Finance Company located in any International Financial Services Centre, or such class of non-banking financial companies as notified by the Central Government in this behalf.
Section 177(4) of Income Tax Act 2025
(4) In sub-section (1), the “excess interest” means––
(a) In total interest paid or payable in excess of 30% of earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortisation of the borrower in the tax year; or
(b) interest paid or payable to associated enterprises for that tax year,
whichever is less.
Section 177(5) of Income Tax Act 2025
(5) Interest expenditure not wholly deducted against income under the head “Profits and gains of business or profession” for any tax year shall be—
(a) carried forward to the following tax year or years; and
(b) allowed as a deduction against the profits and gains, if any, of any business or profession carried on by it and assessable for such tax year, to the extent of maximum allowable interest expenditure as per sub-section (4).
Section 177(6) of Income Tax Act 2025
(6) The interest expenditure referred to in sub-section (5) shall not be carried forward for more than eight tax years immediately succeeding the tax year for which the excess interest expenditure was first computed.
Section 177(7) of Income Tax Act 2025
(7) In this section,—
(a) “debt” means any loan, financial instrument, finance lease, financial derivative, or any arrangement that gives rise to interest, discounts or other finance charges that are deductible in the computation of income chargeable under the head “Profits and gains of business or profession”;
(b) “Finance Company” means a finance company as defined in regulation 2(1)(e) of the International Financial Services Centres Authority (Finance Company) Regulations, 2021 made under the International Financial Services Centres Authority Act, 2019 and which satisfies such conditions and carries on such activities, as prescribed;
(c) “permanent establishment” shall have the meaning assigned to it in section 173(c).